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MARQUIS WHO'S WHO Marquis Who's Who in the World is an organization that has documented the lives of the world's most influential and successful people since 1899. It provides access to important information about prominent individuals, influential figures in government, business, science, the arts, and other fields who are setting new trends in 215 countries and territories, being a valuable resource for the global community. In our case, in September 2025, we received an invitation from Marquis Who's Who via LinkedIn after nearly three years of publishing articles on this social network, including Research Gate, related to our innovative business model, the Integration Coefficient IC , developed by us and promoted through our energy consulting firm, Jaime Ventura Energy Consultant . We then received a phone call from a very nice person who indicated that she was interested in hearing our story for bibliographic purposes for a possible publication that we know they "sell." She told me she needed about 20 minutes, then we explained that we had no interest in "talking" about ourselves, rather than talking about the IC. The interview became a delightful 90-minute conversation, with lively, in-depth questions. It ended with a mutual understanding that if this organization was interested in promoting the IC concept organically, they should feel free to do so. The interviewer added that it had been a while since they had done such an interesting interview and thanked us for our honesty. A couple of weeks later, we received an email informing us that we had been selected to be part of this list. And there was no commercial transaction, so despite the negative comments regarding the legitimacy of their selection process, we feel honored that they were motivated to include us on the list solely because of the media coverage of the IC as an innovative sharing business model in these new, turbulent commercial times. This is why we feel honored by this distinction on the Integration Coefficient IC . Jaime Ventura Energy Consultant, an innovator, pioneer, and developer of the Integration Coefficient IC business model, considers it necessary to promote this distinguished mention, inviting everyone to continue developing this business model. This collaborative approach reduces costs and expands participation in value supply chains by allowing small businesses to achieve economies of scale through collective purchasing, pre-integrated products (such as solar kits ), and unified guarantees , all facilitated by a disruptive digital sharing platform ( IC-APP ). The aim is to create economic opportunities, improve resilience, and foster inclusive growth and sustainability by directing savings to productive uses and further developing both local and international capacity, which has been severely impacted during these times dominated by economic bubbles and tariff wars . Please do not hesitate to contact us to be part of this revolution via WhatsApp +17474009687 or email us at jventura@jvenergyconsultant.com . You can also subscribe to our website: https://www.jvenergyconsultant.com/contact-us .

BREAK FREE FROM THE OBSOLETE. In business, some practices linger on balance sheets as if they were assets, but in reality, they act as chains anchoring us to the past. Outdated economic dogmas, obsolete technologies propped up by special interests, and rigid supply chains that snap at the slightest breeze bring companies down. We’ve seen organizations cling to these burdens far longer than logic allows, such as the idea that protectionism guarantees security, the belief that a high price always equals quality, and the echo of yesterday’s successful business model that now blocks progress. Then one day, you realize that in business, letting go isn’t admitting defeat; in fact, it’s the boldest survival strategy. Releasing what holds us back is the only key to building resilient companies, finding new growth markets, and creating solutions that truly matter. And when one company dares to let go, it sparks an entire ecosystem to do the same. So, if you don’t let go today, when? There is still time for the IC. Break free from the obsolete. The Illusion of Security Think back to when your industry clung to a belief that no longer fit reality. Perhaps you once measured a nation’s success by stock market indices and cheered every rally, even as those spikes often foreshadowed devastating tech bubbles. Meanwhile, the real economy—houses, families, local businesses—grew more precarious. We told ourselves we had to defend profit margins, pacify quarterly investors, and show growth at any cost. But when a company drops those expectations and asks, “How can I truly deliver sustainable value?”, it experiences a strategic relief it never saw coming. It’s like opening the floodgates of a dam on the brink of bursting. From Financial Gains to Systemic Impact Suddenly, there’s room for what really drives traction: democratizing benefits for users, integrating solutions, and making sustainability a business model —not just a marketing slogan. Letting go of the financial-only success narrative allowed us, through the Integration Coefficient IC , to pursue systemic achievement. And that shift changes everything. Breaking the Tariff Knot Consider corporate grudges—those tariff wars we tighten with all our might, convinced they protect us despite obvious self-inflicted pain. Ironically, energy technology giants cheer on punitive tariffs only to discover critical parts of their own production live in the very countries they penalize. The result? A self-inflicted blow: higher product costs, weakened supply chains, and handed-out wins for inefficiency . Integration Over Isolation How do you undo that knot? With integration, not isolation. When a company abandons useless protectionism and instead forges global alliances—incorporating the best solutions regardless of origin—something breaks, but in the best way possible. Releasing the protectionist dogma brings operational peace, opens global markets, uncovers unexpected efficiencies, and builds resilience that isolation never could . Rewriting Your Business DNA Letting go also means bidding farewell to the business model you once were. Many corporate versions no longer fit: those built on products designed to fail, opaque supply chains, or lobby-backed inferior technologies. Shedding that identity feels like rewriting your corporate DNA. It’s painful, yes, but it sets you free. We had to release the idea of a product as a standalone unit and begin seeing it as part of an integrated solution system. We even abandoned intellectual property secrecy to embrace the collaboration at the heart of the IC-APP . A Contagious Act The most powerful aspect of letting go is its ripple effect. A bold decision by one leader forces competitors to open their closed ecosystems or face irrelevance. When a manufacturer bets on full supply-chain transparency, it exerts unsustainable pressure on those hiding behind opacity. Letting go is contagious. It’s like tossing a stone into a lake—waves of efficiency, sustainability, and democratization spread farther than you imagined. No need for lofty lectures in economic forums; just act, integrate, and pave the way for those shackled by their own obsolete burdens. How to Begin Start by auditing your company’s balance, not just financially but ideationally. Is there technology defended by inertia, subsidized by lobbies? Let it drop. Are you clinging to the “protect local markets” dogma that blocks global scale? Challenge it. Does your business model hide behind complexity to justify inflated prices? Simplify and democratize. It won’t be easy, but it’s vital. And as you do, seek out partners to share your APIs, integrate solutions, and encourage others to shed their own dead weight. Because the future of business isn’t built on the assets we accumulate—it’s born in the space we create by letting go. In that space lies real value: integration, collaboration, and genuine progress . Schedule a Google Meet or Zoom session with us to talk about how the Integration Coefficient IC can help you break free from outdated practices and drive sustainable growth. Please write to us at jventura@jvenergyconsultant.com or contact us via WhatsApp at +1 747 400 9687 to book your meeting today.

Many years ago, during the British rule in India, the government was very concerned about the number of poisonous cobras that existed. So they agreed that the solution to the problem was for the inhabitants to kill them, but how could they achieve that? They made the decision that seemed simpler and more imminent. A "reasonable" amount of money would be paid for each cobra the inhabitants brought before the authorities, and "voila", the matter was resolved. The people of India began to earn an income by hunting cobras, and the problem for the British government lessened, and everyone was happy, for a while. Sadly, the story did not end there. There was a spontaneous effect on the market, a new product was created to commercialize, "Cobras": Instead of killing them, it was better to hunt them, breed them, reproduce them in series, and then sell them in a new "artificial" segment of the market that had been created: The British government. Now the new client was buying Cobras that were not a danger to the community, and this was benefiting from an unnatural business , forced by a government decree (imminent solution ) that tried to solve a problem without having studied the real needs of the population . Then, they made another arbitrary decision : Stop paying the reward. The market reacted “naturally” ; there was an overstock of cobras without any demand. In our times, when the demand is negligible and the supply is brutal, companies "give away" or throw away the product, often with polluting effects. This case was the same; the breeders decided to release the cobras and now the number of cobras has increased even more than at the beginning. This phenomenon is known as " The Cobra Effect ”. This occurs when products or solutions from companies do not match the real needs of the consumers, and when the manufacturing and marketing team is not integrated to find how their services could generate feelings of emotion, satisfaction, and positive references from the consumers . Just as we do in our organization through our innovative Integration Coefficient IC . Please get in touch with us for more information.

THE COUNTDOWN TO IC-APP HAS BEGUN First of all, welcome to the energy revolution! Thank you very much for your contact and the interest shown in our former publication. In other words: After your questions it's time to join the IC-APP Revolution. In our organization, the Integration Coefficient IC guides every step we take. Together, we can build a sustainable and efficient solar business model in your region of influence. Please reach us on WhatsApp at +1 747 400-9687 or follow up by email to tell us more about your company, your needs, and how we can make synergies for your success. After your multiple questions regarding the IC-APP, we're taking the time to delve a little deeper into this launch to answer them. As clearly stated in the email that generated all these inquiries, sharing economy companies like Uber and Airbnb have revolutionized the way we think about traditional business models. They have ushered in a new era of convenience and accessibility for the masses. Similarly, the sale of hybrid and On-Grid solar kits to homeowners, businesses, and industries, as well as other solutions such as power quality, batteries, rectifiers, and LED lighting, which we also offer through our Integration Coefficient IC business model, is also a perfect example of the collaborative economy , which is why we are launching the IC-APP. More specifically, the IC-APP is designed to emulate the functionality of the Uber App, adapted to the energy solutions sector, connecting Solution Users (individuals or businesses seeking energy solutions such as solar systems or power quality equipment) with Solution Providers (local installers or project designers). The application is based on our Integration Coefficient IC business model , which optimizes the energy supply chain by fostering collaboration and reducing costs, as detailed on our website. Our organization emphasizes a "sharing economy" model (citing Uber as an example) and highlights the use of " innovative digital information ecosystems ." The IC-APP reflects this approach by connecting residential, commercial, and industrial users with installers and project designers in an integrated online marketplace. We can summarize the advantages of using the IC-APP in three main points: MATCHING BILATERAL NEEDS: Connecting Solution Users with Solution Providers: The IC-APP is segmented into two main user types: "SOLUTION USERS" and "SOLUTION PROVIDERS," similar to Uber passengers and drivers. Solution Users (individuals/owners, businesses, industries) indicate their solution needs and timelines; Solution Providers (local installers or project designers) use our solutions from renowned international providers for their services. The IC-APP acts as a digital marketplace that connects Solution Users with Solution Providers based on location, interest in the solution (based on a list of innovative and disruptive solutions), and availability. The IC-APP has also been expanded to connect Solution Users with local Solution Providers with inventory, of course, at a certain cost savings for end-users. This also includes improved delivery times, supplier filtering (the best, such as your company in your region), a local warranty, as well as discounts for using the IC-APP and promoting it through your comments and referrals. THE ADVANTAGES OF A SHARING ECONOMY: Supply chain optimization, savings distribution: Value is created by optimizing the supply chain environment, not just individual motivation. The Integration Coefficient IC model reduces customer acquisition costs and distributes savings by simplifying distribution and leveraging global suppliers. For example, when installers aggregate demand and can group to meet increased market needs, they access "large and most representative international factories" pricing and unified guarantees even with small quantities of kits or packaged solutions, enabling end customers to realize savings of up to 60% compared to higher prices resulting from current supply chain inefficiencies. And when local suppliers with stock are available for urgent needs, the aforementioned benefits of bilateral needs matching apply. DIFFERENTIATED OFFERING AND VALUE: Accessibility, trust, and clear solutions: Like Uber's convenience and affordability, the IC-APP's value proposition is accessibility and trust. The IC-APP must answer the customer's key questions and needs from the start: who it serves (individuals, businesses, industries), what problems it solves (lack of quality solutions, confusing market information, poor supplier quality, high costs, low return on investment, supply chain complexity, warranty issues, slow sustainability monitoring), and how it solves them (collaborative supply chain through the Integration Coefficient IC business model). Are you interested in joining this revolution? Your company is on our exclusive list of potential clients that could be a perfect match for our IC model and the IC-APP. Don't miss this opportunity.

BE AWARE OF REAL AND FAKE OFFERS All-in-one solar LED street lamps are becoming increasingly popular. Many places worldwide are adapting to the newness and greenness of this type of light. Many experts agree that solar LED streetlights should replace current and conventional street lighting. According to a Zion Market Research report in 2021, the global LED Solar Lamp market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 14.4% between 2021 and 2028. Another report from Research and Markets says that the market share for LED lamps reached $570.4 million in 2020 and is expected to reach $1,090.6 million by 2025, with a CAGR of 13.8% between 2020 and 2025. Our fight with the support of our Integration Coefficient IC business model is to help clients discern between REAL and FAKE offers: Batteries: LiFePO4 batteries have significantly more capacity and voltage retention in cold weather environments versus Li-ion and Lead-Acid batteries. So, LiFePO4 is now the new trend. According to a Persistence Market Research report in 2021, the global LiFePO4 battery market for the LED All-In-One Solar Lighting industry is expected to grow at a 12.4% CAGR from 2021 to 2031. Charging Control: Battery Smart Management (BMS) or Battery Program Updated (BPU) will guarantee the best charging control to extend the LiFePO4 battery life. LED Chip Efficacy: Most of the supplier's offers come with a 1W:100L ratio (30W:3000L or so). The real meaning of this fact is that common LED Chip Efficacy is no more than 120~130L/W (~100L/W with optical and DC conversion losses). The current technology trend is using LED chips with 175~220L/W efficacy (30W:6000L) and then obtaining the same lumen with less DC power. Solar Panel and Battery capacities: Current market fake offers do not fulfill specifications usually described as more than 5 nights of backup. So the main customer's claims are related to very short lighting time or lack of backup. The reason is simple, most of them are designed with very low Solar panels and Battery capacity and lean on extreme dimming control to provide some lighting. Let’s use one of our All-in-one Real Specs Solar LED streetlight solutions as an example for this explanation: 30W:6000L ratio, 80Wp solar panel, and 512Wh LiFePO4 battery capacity. You can obtain in a sunny place with 6 hours of average sunlight that the battery can be fully charged in just one day, and the lamp can deliver 1.5 nights of full-lumen lighting with one-day charging time. If you are dimming to 50% to get 3000L as the standard solar LED lamp market offers, you will provide this amount of lighting with half of the DC power, then obtain more than 3 nights of REAL backup. If you can do double dimming per night according to "People Transit," you can double the lighting backup time with one-day battery charging. And this is our meaning of a REAL solution . Our Integration Coefficient IC business model is designed to provide customers with a RIGHT and REAL All-in-One Solar LED lamp solution with the most updated technology and maximum customer satisfaction . Empower Your Knowledge. Get the tools, resources, and insights you need to thrive with the Integration Coefficient IC model. Sign up now!

THE IC-APP TAKES THE WAY OF DOING BUSINESS TO THE NEXT LEVEL Our organization is a pioneer in creating more impactful, distinctive, and relevant business concepts for our clients. Sharing economy companies, like Uber, have revolutionized the way we think about traditional business models. They have ushered in a new era of accessibility, convenience, and affordability for the masses. Some good news: The IC-APP is coming soon . In the last quarter of 2025, we will launch our application, the IC-APP, to everyone on their cell phones, computers, and tablets. The IC-APP consists of a digital platform that connects users of our solutions, designed through our Integration Coefficient IC business model, to qualified suppliers, as intuitively as ordering a taxi from your mobile phone. What are the problems that motivate us to create the IC-APP? Traditional supply chains are broken. They are slow, expensive, fragmented, and manipulated by vested interests that hinder access to sustainable and cost-saving solutions. And the consequences suffered by end users are tremendous: Up to 60% higher costs. Very high barriers to entry for small installation or distribution companies. Projects fail due to a lack of access to reliable solutions and professional advice. Governments are pressured by "dirty" energy lobbies against green energy and energy-saving solutions . Our Solution? The IC Model + the IC-APP. The IC model optimizes the supply chain through a digital integration process based on direct relationships with world-class manufacturers and also with high-level local suppliers in Asia, the Americas, and Europe. The IC-APP takes the way of doing business to the next level: It connects "Solution Users" (households, businesses, industries) with "Solution Providers" (installers, designers, consultants), both international and local, with existing partnerships that can be upgraded when technological changes require it, depending on the immediacy of the project, facilitating local inventory and rapid delivery when needed. No subscriptions. No entry fees. Just value. Uses Uber-like bilateral matching logic. Allows satisfaction feedback, assigning service ratings, a unified local warranty, and benefits for sharing or promoting the app. Vertically scalable: Solutions such as solar (self-consumption, hybrid, offline), DC backup (rectifiers and converters along with all types of batteries), power quality (UPS, SPDs, transformers, voltage regulators and conditioners), LED lighting (standard and solar), and special or custom projects. Your time to make history is now. The IC-APP is not just an App. It's a new way of doing business, of breaking inefficient chains, of returning power to those who use it, install it, and live it . Join by subscribing as a user, supplier, investor, partner, or collaborator and be part of the Integration Coefficient IC and IC-APP revolution.

INTEGRATION COEFFICIENT IC MODEL IS REVOLUTIONIZING SOLAR ENERGY IN CONSTRUCTION. Imagine a future where every new home is delivered with built-in solar energy, where sustainability and profitability are seamlessly integrated from a design perspective. That future is here, powered by the Integration Coefficient IC business model. But some don't want you to know: "dirty" energy lobbyists, complacent governments, and an avalanche of misinformation trying to slow this progress. Are you going to let them fool you? The Hidden Truth: Data that speaks for itself. Solar energy is growing steadily, and builders are at the forefront of this change. In 2020, more than 2 million homes in the US already had solar panels, and this number was expected to double by 2023. California requires all new homes to include solar energy by 2020, and other states are following suit. In Spain, more than 80% of new homes were built with integrated solar energy in 2020. The government offers incentives that reduce the initial cost by 30%. In Italy, new buildings equipped with solar energy receive subsidies of up to 50%, resulting in a 25% increase in adoption in 2021. Meanwhile, in Latin America, countries such as Mexico, Brazil, and Colombia are taking action. In Mexico, the number of homes with pre-installed solar systems grew by 40% in 2022, and Brazil projects that 15% of new construction will include solar energy by 2025. The Integration Coefficient IC model is designed to accelerate this boom by making it easier for supply chains to offer pre-engineered, accessible, and cost-effective solar solutions. With "Plug-n-Play" kits and a collaborative network connecting manufacturers, installers, and users, the IC reduces costs and simplifies installation . The Urgency is now: A brutal attack on clean energy. But this boom is in danger. There's no time to lose. Tariff wars, the "dirty" energy lobby, and policies that eliminate incentives are attacking. By 2025, tariffs of 60% to 145% for Asia in general and 10% to 20% for Europe made solar panels more expensive by 15% to 30%, and the elimination of green rebates reduced incentives by 25%. Utilities, with the support of complacent governments, are imposing tariffs that increase the fixed cost of energy by 20% annually. But the sun cannot be hidden with one hand : solar energy is unstoppable, and the IC model is the answer. With savings of up to 60% compared to traditional supply chains, the IC minimizes the impact of these barriers. Will you stand idly by? The IC model: Your Weapon against Disinformation and Lobbyists. The Integration Coefficient IC is not just a method; it's a revolution. It directly connects manufacturers, installers, and users, eliminating intermediaries and lowering costs. It's "Plug-n-Play" solar kits simplify installation and make it accessible. While lobbyists muddy the waters, the IC offers a real, proven, and ready-to-use solution. Act today; the future won't wait! Don't get caught up in the hype. Solar energy is the way forward, and the IC model is the key. Builders, installers, and families: join this irresistible initiative. Subscribe to our website and be part of a community building a sustainable and profitable world . The sun shines for everyone; take your place in this revolution!

WHAT TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT WHEN CHOOSING ONE? Surge Protective Device SPD is a solution designed to protect electrical and electronic critical loads from power surges and voltage spikes. But, it is essential to take into consideration the following aspects when choosing one: Grounding: SPDs will only be as effective as their grounding installation conditions. Older sites or facilities with inadequate wiring and grounding will not benefit from an SPD without the necessary upgrades. Even the best SPD will fail if there is no proper current escape path through the ground. Listing: SPDs must have been independently designed, tested, and certified to the latest editions of IEC 61643-11 and/or UL 1449 Ed. 4. This provides the user of the product with the peace of mind that they will perform safely in the application, and they will also work based on the ratings provided. Both standards have strict tests that are not easy to pass but are essential to ensure that the product is well-designed for safe behavior and effective protection performance. But how can you know? The quality and performance of SPDs are difficult for a customer to assess. The correct functioning can only be verified in suitable laboratories. Apart from the external appearance, only the technical data provided by the manufacturer can serve as a guide. Even more important is a reliable declaration from the manufacturer and the certification and approval regarding the performance of the SPD and the execution of the tests specified in the respective product standard, such as IEC 61643-11 or UL 1449 Ed. 4 mentioned before. Location: In this case, while the ANSI/IEEE C62.41 standard has classified the critical load location environment as Categories, C (service entrance), B (distribution boards), and A (outlets), the IEC standard 62305-4 describes or categorizes critical load locations as Protection Zone Concepts called Lightning Protection Zones (LPZs). LPZs can be divided into two categories: 2 external zones (LPZ 0A, LPZ 0B) and typically two internal zones (LPZ 1, LPZ 2), although more zones can be introduced if required. Coordination of SPDs: For the former two location standards, complete protection is possible when SPDs are installed in a "coordinated" manner. Coordinated SPDs means that several SPDs installed on a structure (from the heavy-duty SPD at the service entrance, C or LPZ0, to the SPD for terminal equipment protection A/B or LPZ2/1) must complement each other so that all transient effects of AC or DC hazardous energy are completely nullified. We want to leave an open discussion: Is there one standard more demanding than another in terms of safety and location? Are you aware of electrical permits or local rules that may avoid using an IEC 61643-11 approved SPD in America or vice versa: UL 1449 used in Eurasia? What do you think about this information related to our business model Integration Coefficient IC ? The future of Power Quality is empowered by your contact. Thank you in advance for subscribing . Let's explore together how commercializing these types of solutions helps maximize your business impact, providing a clear differential advantage in your market . And please do not forget to comment about the former questions.

Let's celebrate every day as a Happy Thanksgiving Day with the IC! Let's gather around and share the warmth of gratitude and a scrumptious piece of pumpkin pie under the radiant glow of a sun that is a solar -powered delight in our world. In each season of thankfulness, we find joy in the delicious flavors on our tables and the sustainable choices that bring happiness to our homes. Imagine a house bathed in the glow of solar panels , harnessing the power of that pumpkin pie sun. It's not just about a slice of pie; it's about savoring the sweetness of solar solutions that contribute to a brighter, greener future. When we celebrate this day of thanks, we extend our gratitude to the incredible power of solar energy . When using on-grid and hybrid solar kits , we embrace a sustainable lifestyle and elevate our satisfaction in a better way we consume energy. The Integration Coefficient IC becomes the secret ingredient that ties it all together. Why is the IC like a delicious slice of pumpkin pie for your home? Satisfaction in Sustainability: Embracing solar solutions means more than just reducing energy bills . It is also a commitment to a sustainable lifestyle that brings immense satisfaction when we know all are working hard for a cleaner, greener planet. A Thankful Chain Reaction: The Integration Coefficient IC model ensures the journey to go solar is done with maximum satisfaction and seamlessly. From acquiring solar panels to integrating them into your home, every step is part of a well-connected chain that ensures satisfaction and delight . Grateful for a Brighter Future: Just as we express gratitude for the good things in life, investing in solar energy is an investment in a brighter, more sustainable future . It's a gift to ourselves and to the generations to come. A Table of Happiness for All: Imagine the Thanksgiving table not just in your home but extending to every factory integrated into our solution. Each factory shares the joy of creating sustainable, solar-powered solutions that benefit all. Supply Chain, Consumer Satisfaction, and More: In this integrated model, every link in the supply chain is vital. From factories producing solar components to distributors ensuring seamless delivery, each plays a role in bringing happiness not only to the end consumers but also to the Earth we all call home. So, as you enjoy your Thanksgiving feast and a delightful piece of pumpkin pie, remember that the sun above, painted as a cake and shining in its natural brilliance, holds the key to a more sustainable, satisfying lifestyle. On every Thanksgiving day celebration, your days are filled with the warmth of gratitude and the brilliance of solar joy! The Integration Coefficient IC is powering the path toward Sustainability. After your next contact, let's explore solutions that maximize your business impact.

KSTAR AND CATL INTEGRATION FOR EUROPE, AMERICA SOUTH CONE AND SOME AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN ISLANDS, SINGLE PHASE 220-230VAC The benefit of hybrid solar kits, Eurasian models , is that you will always have power in any situation. The Integration Coefficient IC helps to optimize system performance by identifying when and how to take advantage of Power Quality, Power Reliability, and Energy Efficiency Management , depending on the specific solution needed. While you enjoy this video, in English, about how easy and convenient the installation procedures for Blu-E Series Inverter, CATL LiFePO4 battery banks, and Solar panels TIER 1 with rack-mounting accessories can be, please pay attention to the marketing and manufacturing philosophy behind the design of these solar kits. This solution is one of our top-of-the-line for Eurasia and America's "Southern Cone" markets. By the way, other good news: Now K-Star's Inverters & ESS systems comply with NTS v2.1: 2021-07 and UNE217002:2020 for the Spanish market . This is just another step towards aligning with the exigent standards of every member of the European community. Please apply for information and prices, and join us for global social, economic, and sustainable commitments by subscribing to our website . Join our lists of Installers and homeowners to integrate you into our Collaborative Economy platform and let you become a satisfied customer pro to sustainability in your region.

EVERYTHING ABOUT COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOL CONVERTERS Industrial AC-DC rectifier systems , whether SCR-based low-frequency or modular high-frequency types, convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) to charge batteries and power industrial DC loads for telecommunications, data centers, and electrical substations. These systems generate a wealth of operational data, such as voltage, current, temperature, battery state of charge, fault codes, and breaker status, which are transmitted via communication interfaces such as RS-485 or RS-232 and displayed on an integrated digital display. They also allow for external commands, such as shutting down the system in emergencies or changing the charging mode. However, integrating this data into external systems, such as computer workstations or remote networks, creates confusion due to the variety of communication protocols required, depending on the region, application, or local culture, such as Modbus, SNMP, DNP3, IEC61850, and TCP/IP. This is the reason for writing this White Paper. Manufacturers offer protocol converters to facilitate this integration. However, users often face difficulties when trying to replicate the display's functionality on other devices. Then we want to make clear our role: Avoiding confusion in the AC to DC Rectifier market. This post explains the differences between these communication protocols, reasons for choosing one over the other, confusion surrounding protocol names, the scope of protocol converters, and the responsibilities of manufacturers and users. 1. Communication Protocols in Industrial Rectifiers. Industrial rectifiers use communication interfaces to transmit operational data and receive commands. The most common protocols and their characteristics are described below: RS-485 and RS-232. Description: These are serial communication standards. RS-232 is ideal for short distances (up to 15 meters) and point-to-point connections, while RS-485 supports longer distances (up to 1200 meters) and multiple devices on a single line (multidrop topology). Use in rectifiers: Most rectifiers use RS-485 due to its robustness and ability to connect multiple devices. RS-232 is less common but is used in simpler applications. Example: A rectifier sends voltage and current data via RS-485 to a digital display or local monitoring system. MODBUS. Description: This is a serial communication protocol widely used in industrial automation. It can operate over RS-485 (Modbus RTU) or TCP/IP networks (Modbus TCP). It defines how data is structured and transmitted between devices. Use in rectifiers: This is the most common protocol for rectifiers, allowing data such as battery charge status or fault codes to be transmitted simply and reliably. Advantages: It is easy to implement, compatible with many devices, and suitable for general industrial applications. TCP/IP. Description: This is the set of protocols that underpins the Internet, allowing communication between devices on IP networks. It can carry protocols such as Modbus TCP or SNMP. Use in rectifiers: Some modern rectifiers have Ethernet connectivity and use Modbus TCP to send data to remote systems. Advantages: Allows long-distance communication and scalability, ideal for integrating rectifiers into corporate networks or SCADA systems. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). Description: This is a protocol for managing devices on IP networks, primarily used to monitor the status of equipment such as routers and servers. Use in rectifiers: Although not typical, some rectifiers can use SNMP to integrate with network management systems, reporting data such as system status. Advantages: It is useful in environments where rectifiers are part of a larger IT network. DNP3 (Distributed Network Protocol 3). Description: This protocol is designed for the electrical industry, specifically for robust communications in harsh environments, such as substations. Use in rectifiers: It is used in energy applications where rectifiers are integrated into SCADA systems. Advantages: It is error-resistant and suitable for low-speed, high-reliability environments. IEC61850. Description: This is an international standard for electrical substation automation, defining how intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) communicate with each other and with control systems. Use in rectifiers: It is relevant in substations where rectifiers are part of a more complex automation system. Advantages: It offers an advanced structure for communication in highly complex environments. 2. Differences between Protocols and Communication Needs. Each protocol has a specific purpose and adapts to different needs: MODBUS vs. IEC61850: MODBUS: It is lightweight, simple, and suitable for general industrial applications where direct communication between devices is required. For example, a rectifier can send current data to a local controller using Modbus RTU over RS-485. IEC61850: It is more complex and designed for electrical substations, where multiple intelligent devices must interoperate. It is ideal for environments where structured and detailed communication is required. RS-485 vs. TCP/IP: RS-485: It is robust and suitable for industrial environments with electrical noise, but it is limited by physical distances and is not ideal for remote communication. TCP/IP: It allows communication over IP networks, which is useful for remote monitoring or integration with enterprise systems, but requires network infrastructure. SNMP vs. DNP3: SNMP: Focuses on network management and is more common in IT environments, not industrial rectifiers. DNP3: Is specific to the energy industry, offering robustness for critical applications such as substations. Reasons for choosing a protocol: Region and local standards: In Europe, IEC61850 is common in substations due to its adoption in the energy industry. In North America, DNP3 is more prevalent due to its historical use in SCADA systems. Specific application: For simple local monitoring, Modbus is sufficient. For complex substations, IEC61850 or DNP3 is preferable. Existing infrastructure: If a user already has a DNP3-based SCADA system, it makes sense to choose a rectifier compatible with that protocol or use a converter. 3. Confusion over Protocol Names. Confusion arises because some terms are used generically or overlap: MODBUS: Sometimes used to refer to any serial communication, it is a specific protocol that structures data over RS-485 or TCP/IP. TCP/IP: Not a single protocol, but a suite of protocols that includes applications such as Modbus TCP or SNMP. Users may confuse it with an application protocol. IEC61850 vs. DNP3: Both are standards for the power industry, but IEC61850 is more modern and geared toward substations, while DNP3 is older but still widely used in North America. This confusion is compounded when users attempt to replicate the rectifier's digital display functionality on external systems, such as workstations or remote networks, without understanding the protocol limitations or the need for converters. 4. Scope of Protocol Converters. Protocol converters are devices that translate data from one protocol to another, enabling interoperability between systems. Examples include: RS-485 (Modbus RTU) to IEC61850: Allows a Modbus-enabled rectifier to be integrated into a substation system using IEC61850. RS-485 to SNMP: Enables communication with grid management systems. RS-485 to DNP3: Facilitates integration with SCADA systems in the energy industry. Scope: Converters convert data between protocols, ensuring that rectifier information (such as voltage or charge status) is accessible in the required format. They can be physical devices or software embedded in the rectifier or an external system. Their configuration may require specific settings, such as data mapping or defining communication points. Limitations: Converters cannot generate data that the rectifier does not provide. For example, if the rectifier doesn't measure temperature, the converter can't measure it. The quality of the conversion depends on compatibility between the protocols and correct configuration by the user. 5. Manufacturer and User Responsibilities. Manufacturer's Responsibilities: Data Provision: Ensure that operating data (voltage, current, temperature, etc.) is available through interfaces such as RS-485 or RS-232, typically using Modbus. Digital Display: Provide a display that displays system data, with detailed graphics if necessary. Protocol Converters: Offer converters (or support for them) that allow integration with protocols such as IEC61850, DNP3, or SNMP, if the user requires it. Documentation: Provide clear manuals on how to access data and use the converters, including register maps for Modbus or other protocols. User Responsibilities: Protocol Selection: Choose the appropriate protocol based on your system's needs (e.g., Modbus for local monitoring, IEC61850 for substations). Converter Configuration: Configure protocol converters so that rectifier data is compatible with external systems. External Integration: Implement monitoring or control systems (such as workstations or SCADA) that use the data provided by the rectifier. Remote Data Management: If data is needed on remote networks or in other countries, the user must configure the network infrastructure (e.g., using TCP/IP) and ensure communication security. 6. Practical Example. Imagine an industrial rectifier in a substation that uses RS-485 with Modbus RTU to transmit data such as output voltage and battery charge status. The user needs to integrate this data into a SCADA system that uses DNP3. The manufacturer provides a Modbus RTU to DNP3 converter, which translates the rectifier data into the required format. The user configures the converter, maps the relevant data (such as voltage), and integrates it into the SCADA system. If the user wants to monitor the data from another country, they can use Modbus TCP over a TCP/IP network, but they must implement the network infrastructure and ensure security. 7. Conclusions. Industrial rectifier systems are essential for critical applications, and their effective communication depends on protocols such as RS-485, RS-232, Modbus, SNMP, DNP3, and IEC61850. The choice of protocol depends on the application, region, and existing systems, which can be confusing when users try to integrate the data into external systems. Protocol converters are key tools for resolving these differences, but they require user configuration. Manufacturers are responsible for providing accurate data and appropriate converters, while users must manage the integration and use of this data in their systems. With a clear understanding of the protocols and proper configuration, rectifiers can be effectively integrated into any industrial environment. And that's part of our services. Want to learn more? Our experts are here to discuss how the Integration Coefficient IC model can boost your business or institution. Contact us today!

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